Significance of the Number 3 in Fairy Tales Essay -- Exploratory Essay

Significance of the Number 3 in Fairy Tales Numbers do not exist. They are creations of the mind, existing only in the realm of understanding. No one has ever touched a number, nor would it be possible to do so. You may sketch a symbol on a paper that represents a number, but that symbol is not the number itself. A number is just understood. Nevertheless, numbers hold symbolic meaning. Have you ever asked yourself serious questions about the significance, implications, and roles of numbers? For example, â€Å"Why does the number ten denote a change to double digits?† â€Å"Is zero a number or a non-number?† Or, the matter this paper will address: â€Å"Why does the number three hold an understood and symbolic importance?† My interest in this topic began by observing the common usage of the number three in fairy tales. Goldilocks and the Three Bears, The Three Little Pigs, and the three sisters in Cinderella are classic and well-known examples in which the number three is used. This paper seeks to uncover the mystery of the number three by analyzing the possible reasons the authors use â€Å"three† in fairy tales. Explanations for an author’s use of the number in question can be grouped into three categories (pardon the irony). First, what I call the Cultural Approach assumes a smooth transition for â€Å"three† from culture and history into the works of the author. It explains the use of â€Å"three† by referring to social conditioning, an idea that society can influence a person to follow a certain pattern or belief even though there is no intrinsic reason to do so. Second, the Psychoanalytical Approach assumes that â€Å"three† weighs on the writer’s mind not because of society, but rather due to ways that are a part of the uncontrollab... .... 1998: 98. Lane, Marcia. Picturing the Rose: A Way of Looking at Fairy Tales. H.W. Wilson, 1994. Louis, Anthony. The Numerological Significance of the Tarot. 1998. Access New Age. 03 Mar. 2004 . McElrow, Tori. Spinning Three by Three†¦ 1999. Metista Home Page. 24 Feb. 2004 . Symbolism and Spiritual Significance of the Number 3. 23 Feb. 2004. . Traditional Folk Tales for Children: The Three Suitors and their Magic Gifts. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 31 March 2004. . Von Franz, Marie Louise. An Introduction to the Psychology of Fairy Tales. New York: Spring, 1975. Von Franz, Marie-Louise. Individuation in Fairy Tales. Zurich: Spring, 1977.

Exam 1 human resource management

1. | | | According to the right of privacy, employers can conceal the nature of the job before hiring an employee. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| False | False| | | | 2. | | | The concept of â€Å"human resource management† implies that employees are interchangeable, easily replaced assets that must be managed like any other physical asset. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| False | False| | | | 3. | | | Currently, no federal laws outline how to use employee databases in order to protect employees' privacy while also meeting employers' and society's concerns for security. | |Student Response| Correct Answer| True | True| | | | 4. | | | The role of HR generalist is limited to recruitment and selection. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| False | False| | | | 5. | | | Which of the following is NOT a necessary quality of human resources? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Human resources are valuable. |    | B. | Human resources are not imitable. |    | C. | Human resources are easily retainable. |    | D. | Human resources have no good substitute. |    | | | | 6. | | | Why has the job trend shifted to broadly defined jobs? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer|A. | Emphasis on innovation and quality|    | B. | Demand for low skilled workers|    | C. | Increased focus on simplifying jobs|    | D. | Lack of competition|    | | | | 7. | | | Job design is: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | the process of defining the way work will be performed and the tasks that a given job requires. |    | B. | the process of getting detailed information about jobs. |    | C. | the process by which the organization attempts to identify suitable employees. |    | D. | the planned effort to enable employees to learn job-related knowledge, skills, and behavior. |    | | | 8. | | | Organizational development and change are areas where HR professionals generally play only a supporting role. | | Student Response| Correct Ans wer| False | False| | | | 9. | | | As a type of resource, human capital refers to: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | the wages, benefits, and other costs incurred in support of HR functions within an organization. |    | B. | executive talent within an organization. |    | C. | the tax-deferred value of an employee's 401(k) plan. |    | D. | employee characteristics that add economic value to the organization. |    | | | | 10. | | According to the Gallup survey, which aspect of their jobs are most workers largely satisfied with? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Health insurance benefits|    | B. | Retirement plans|    | C. | Relations with coworkers|    | D. | Amount of money earned|    | | | | 11. | | | The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that about one-tenth of employed individuals work in alternative employment arrangements. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| True | True| | | | 12. | | | The U. S. workforce is predicted to become mor e diverse in terms of ethnicity and racial background. | |Student Response| Correct Answer| True | True| | | | 13. | | | An HRIS can be used to perform primarily all of the following EXCEPT: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | support strategic decision-making. |    | B. | avoid litigation. |    | C. | evaluate programs and policies. |    | D. | motivate employees. |    | | | | 14. | | | When an organization undertakes a complete review of its critical work processes to make them more efficient and to be able to deliver higher quality, it is engaging in: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | outsourcing. |    | B. | high-performance work system design. |    |C. | total quality management. |    | D. | reengineering. |    | | | | 15. | | | What effect has the use of employee empowerment had upon recruiting? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | It has created an international labor market. |    | B. | It has substantially enhanced employment op portunities for women and minorities. |    | C. | It has shifted the focus away from technical skills to general cognitive and interpersonal skills. |    | D. | It has significantly reduced recruiting costs. |    | | | | 16. | | | How does e-HRM affect analysis and design of work? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. Online simulations, including tests and e-mail, can measure job candidates' ability to deal with real-life business challenges. |    | B. | Employees can review salary and bonus information and seek information about and enroll in benefit plans. |    | C. | Employees in geographically dispersed locations can work together in virtual teams using video, e-mail, and the Internet. |    | D. | Online learning can bring training to employees anywhere, anytime. |    | | | | 17. | | | Privacy, as an important issue in e-HRM, might best be addressed by which one of the following technologies? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer|A. | A website|    | B. | An intranet|    | C. | A high-performance work system|    | D. | A shared service center|    | | | | 18. | | | When two companies join forces and become one entity, it is termed a: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | partnership. |    | B. | consolidation. |    | C. | merger. |    | D. | joint venture. |    | | | | 19. | | | Independent contractors are: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | persons who work for an organization only when they are needed. |    | B. | self-employed individuals with multiple clients. |    | C. | employed by a temporary agency. |    | D. employed directly by a company for a specific time. |    | | | | 20. | | | Which one of the following technologies lets a company rent space on a remote computer system and use the system's software to manage its HR activities, including security and upgrades? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Application service providers|    | B. | Internet portals|    | C. | Shared service centers|    | D. | Business intelligence|    | | | | 21. | | | Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all organizations that employ 20 or more persons working 20 or more weeks a year and that are involved in interstate commerce. | Student Response| Correct Answer| False | False| | | | 22. | | | The Civil Rights Act of 1991: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | limits damage claims to lost benefits and attorney's fees and costs. |    | B. | requires violators to pay punitive damages that cover emotional pain and suffering. |    | C. | requires violators to pay compensatory damages, an amount beyond actual loss. |    | D. | limits the maximum punitive damages allowed, depending on the size of the organization. |    | | | | 23. | | | The EEOC is NOT the enforcement agency for the: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. |    | B. | Rehabilitation Act of 1973. |    | C. | Equal Pay Act of 1963 . |    | D. | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. |    | | | | 24. | | | Which legislative/regulatory actions are under the direct control of the President? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Constitutional amendments|    | B. | Judicial decisions|    | C. | Legislation|    | D. | Executive orders|    | | | | 25. | | | Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from discriminating against individuals based on all of the following EXCEPT: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer|A. | age. |    | B. | race. |    | C. | religion. |    | D. | national origin. |    | | | | 26. | | | Under disparate impact, the plaintiff must prove that the employer intended to discriminate. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| True | False| | | | 27. | | | Which of the following cases would most likely be subject to a lawsuit filed under the disparate treatment theory of discrimination? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | A group of females ar e laid off due to a downturn in business. |    | B. | Black applicants are being disproportionately rejected on the basis of a psychological test. |    | C. A black applicant is turned down for a job based on a handwriting analysis. |    | D. | A woman with school-aged children is rejected on the assumption that she will frequently be absent from work. |    | | | | 28. | | | An individual wishing to file a complaint with the EEOC or a similar state agency must file the complaint within _____ days of the incident. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 30|    | B. | 60|    | C. | 90|    | D. | 180|    | | | | 29. | | | The three basic components of an affirmative action plan include all of the following EXCEPT: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. utilization analysis. |    | B. | measurement tools. |    | C. | goals and timetables. |    | D. | action steps. |    | | | | 30. | | | When an individual is promised a positive outcome for submission to sex, or threatened with a negative outcome for failure to submit to sex, this is referred to as: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | disparate treatment. |    | B. | disparate impact. |    | C. | reverse discrimination. |    | D. | quid pro quo harassment. |    | | | | 31. | | | In terms of the Job Characteristics Model, the degree to which a job requires completing a â€Å"whole† piece of work from beginning to end is: | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | autonomy. |    | B. | skill variety. |    | C. | task significance. |    | D. | task identity. |    | | | | 32. | | | For which of the following occupations is it easiest to implement telework? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Production technician|    | B. | Quality management|    | C. | Machine operator|    | D. | Graphic designer|    | | | | 33. | | | In contrast to tasks, duties, and responsibilities, KSAOs are characteristics about people and are not directly observabl e. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| True | True| | | | 34. | | What is the SBAR method? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Standardizing information at handoff points by describing the situation, giving the context, evaluation of the condition, and recommending action. |    | B. | Reducing the complexity of the work, making it so simple that almost anyone can be trained quickly and easily to perform the job. |    | C. | The study of the interface between individuals' physiology and the characteristics of the physical work environment. |    | D. | Enlarging jobs by combining several relatively simple jobs to form a job with a wider range of tasks.    | | | | 35. | | | In which of the following scenarios will workers be less motivated to perform the job? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | When the job requires a variety of skills to be performed. |    | B. | When the job requires completing the whole piece of work from beginning to end. |    | C. | When the job has minor impact on the lives of other people. |    | D. | When the job allows individuals to make decisions about the job. |    | | | | 36. | | | Which of the following would qualify as a compressed workweek? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. Employees are required to be at work from 10:00 a. m. to 3:00 p. m. and can choose additional hours before/after this period. |    | B. | Two part-time employees work in different shifts and share the tasks of a specific job. |    | C. | Employees are permitted to work 10 hours a day, Monday through Thursday. |    | D. | Employees can choose to work away from a centrally located work area. |    | | | | 37. | | | When job analysis information is used to judge the relative worth of different jobs within an organization, the HR activity is termed: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. performance evaluation. |    | B. | training and development. |    | C. | job evaluation. |    | D. | work redesign. |    | | | | 38. | | | Which of the following arrangements would qualify as job rotation? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | A receptionist is required to perform the jobs of file clerk and typist. |    | B. | Team members assemble components and also pack products into cases. |    | C. | Team members make decisions regarding how to resolve problems with customers. |    | D. | A manager participating in a meeting while on vacation with his family. |    | | | | 39. | | Which one of the following would be most appropriate when gathering information about clerical and technical job duties? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | A job analyst visits the workplace and watches/videotapes an employee performing the job. |    | B. | A manager/supervisor imagines what a well-done job would look like. |    | C. | A job analyst questions the peers about a particular job. |    | D. | A job analyst visits the workplace and asks employees to show what the job entail s. |    | | | | 40. | | | The Fleishman Job Analysis System provides an accurate picture of the ability requirements of a job. | Student Response| Correct Answer| True | True| | | | 41. | | | Which of the following is NOT true of outsourcing? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Outsourcing is a logical choice when firms lack experience in an area. |    | B. | Outsourcing often involves ventures with foreign companies. |    | C. | Outsourcing is currently restricted to manufacturing and low-skilled jobs. |    | D. | Outsourcing is driven by economies of scale. |    | | | | 42. | | | Several forces are drawing out older workers' careers. Which of the following is NOT one of them? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. The improved health of older people, combined with the decreased physical labor required by many jobs, makes working longer a viable option. |    | B. | The acute shortage of qualified younger workers has resulted in employers offering increased incentives to older workers to remain on the job. |    | C. | Age discrimination laws and the outlawing of mandatory retirement ages have limited organizations' ability to induce older workers to retire. |    | D. | Many workers fear Social Security will be cut, and they do not have adequate employer-sponsored pensions to cover anticipated costs. |    | | | | 43. | | How do organizations determine labor supply? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Analyzing where the need for people with the necessary skills and experience will increase or decrease. |    | B. | Analyzing job categories held in one period and the proportion of employees in each of those job categories in a future period. |    | C. | Indicating a specific figure about what should happen with the job category or skill area and a specific timetable for when the results should be achieved. |    | D. | Planning elimination of large numbers of personnel with the goal of enhancing the organization's comp etitiveness.    | | | | 44. | | | According to research on recruitment, it is clear that recruiting sources are more important than characteristics of the vacancy for predicting job choice. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| True | False| | | | 45. | | | Job applicants find companies with employment-at-will practices more attractive than companies with due-process policies. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| True | False| | | | 46. | | | The largest share of new employees hired come from which external source? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Career fairs|    | B. | Referrals|    |C. | College recruiting|    | D. | Advertisements|    | | | | 47. | | | In a survey of large well-known businesses, about one-third of open job positions were filled by: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | insiders. |    | B. | referrals. |    | C. | on campus recruitment. |    | D. | direct applicants. |    | | | | 48. | | | Overtime is most suited for short-te rm labor shortages. | | Student Response| Correct Answer| False | True| | | | 49. | | | Research demonstrates that realistic job previews significantly reduce employee turnover. | | Student Response| Correct Answer|True | False| | | | 50. | | | An organization's core competency is: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | a clear analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization's existing internal labor force. |    | B. | decisions about how an organization will carry out human resource management, including how it will fill job vacancies. |    | C. | a set of knowledge and skills that make the organization superior to competitors and create value for customers. |    | D. | a forecast of the proportion of employees who are members of various protected groups. |    | | | |

Educational Implications for Students with ADHD, Overt,...

ADHD â€Å"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition affecting children and adults that is characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and overactivity† (CHADD). â€Å"It is a neurobiological disorder that affect 3-7 percent of school age children and may be seen as before the age of 7. The current diagnostic label is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, however, in the past several other names have been used, such as brain-damaged, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinetic impulsive disorder, and attention deficit disorder (CHADD). ADHD is a controversial disorder. Some understand it to be a true disability, while others believe â€Å"good teaching and discipline at home resolve the problems† (Kauffman 2005). ADHD†¦show more content†¦Teachers can help improve the student’s educational experience through strategies and interventions. The following is a short list the teacher may try using: †¢ Work on the most difficult concepts in the morning †¢ Use task analysis †¢ Vary the pace and type of activity †¢ Seat student way from distractions †¢ Provide notebooks and folders for organization Interventions may include behavioral and cognitive strategies. â€Å"Behavioral interventions are means making certain that rewarding consequence follows desirable behavior and that either no consequence or punishing consequences follow undesirable behavior† (Kauffman 2005). Other intervention may include token reinforcement, response cost, and time out. Giving students choices in assignment can also be helpful. Cognitive strategy training includes 1. Self-instruction, teaching students to talk to themselves about what they are doing and how to do it. 2. Self-monitoring, helps students stay on task. Overt Overt conduct disorder violate social rules and includes a wide variety of antisocial behaviors such as aggression, theft, vandalism, firesetting, lying, truancy, and running away. It interferes with everyday functioning at home and school. Students with overt conduct disorder â€Å"perform harmful behaviors at a much higher rate and at a much later age than normally developing student† (Kauffman 2005).

Cotton Mather And Salem Witchcraft Trials - 1033 Words

Cotton Mather and the Salem Witchcraft Trials American Literature reveals that because of Cotton Mather’s writings there is knowledge of the Salem witchcraft trials in 1692. The research shows that most of the known stories and trials come from Cotton Mather. This essay will describe Cotton Mather, the Salem witchcraft Trials, and an insight on the information provided by Mather. Like his father before him, Cotton Mather took position as a pastor of the Second Church of Boston where he remained connected with that church from 1685, when he was ordained, until his death forty-three years later. It was mainly by his remorseless writing that he became one of the most notable of all New England Puritan ministers. Today Mather is often thought of as unsympathetic because of his part in the Salem witchcraft trials. Although he did not approve of all the trials, he had helped to stir up the wave of frantic fear by his Memorable Providences Relating to Witchcraft and Possessions. Late r he further pursued his inquiries into satanic possession with â€Å"Wonders of the Invisible World.† The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. These trials began after a group of young girls in Massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several other locals of witchcraft. After this broke out a special court convened in Salem to â€Å"hear and determine† (Mather 328)Show MoreRelatedSalem Witch Hysteria And Trials1620 Words   |  7 PagesSalem Witch Hysteria and Trials Joshua Furman History 121: Early America to the Civil War Dr. Phillip Hamilton November 18, 2015  The Salem Witch Trial consisted of heinous accusations implicated by Cotton Mather which effected society as a hole and gave reasoning to the numerous amount of witch stories we hear today. 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My Philosophy Of Nursing A Personal Experience I...

My philosophy of nursing closely relates to a personal experience I encounted with the health care system. Primarily the exceptional nurses who were there to support and care for an incredible person and close friend and his family as end of life was imminent. These nurses I feel hold many aspects of Jean Watsons human caring theory and touches slightly on Nightingales theory. Which in turn has helped shape and define my philosophy of nursing to be, maintaining honesty and integrity and to have diversity of compassion for the whole person and whoever may surround them. The experience seeing my close friend at 18 go through the battle of his life has shaped who I aspire to be as a registered nurse. Duncan at the mere age of 18 was†¦show more content†¦They were undeniably awe inspiring, flexible, honest and compassionate. Every day they would visit his bedside to ensure he was pain free and comfortable not only that they would have a cuppa with the family and would keep every one feeling as at ease as possible as well as being completely honest of his ongoing declination which doctors were always hesitant to convey. Their ongoing honesty maintained trust between all everyone around. Of a night a nurse would sleep sitting up in Duncan’s room so his family would get some sleep but they also didn’t mind at all when a friend and I snuck in his window at 1am to visit him. Which unfortunately happened to be the night before he passed away. He fought it until the end, he didn’t want his life to end. The nurses opened my eyes to how genuine, understanding and compassionate the field should be as well as solidified the theories I believe to be the core of nursing as I saw them in practice unknowingly first hand. They have embedded in my mind how I need and want to be as a nurse and the characteristics I want to portray as a nurse so I can make a difference in people’s lives like these unforgettable nurses have changed mine. The compassion of the nurses is now relative to my own philosophy which I strong associate with the of Jean Watsons theory of caring and some of the core principles (Caring Science Theory | Watson Caring Science Institute, 2017) for me stemming from, transpersonal caring, the

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury Essay Example For Students

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury Essay One of the themes which happens to be the biggest one isburning books because they conflict with each other and theideas of society. The firemen dont fight fires, they start themwhen they find books. Recollections and thoughts, writingsand teachings from the greatest minds in history go up inflames because the government doesnt want people to filltheir heads with it and develop an individual intelligence. The government is afraid of the books because theystimulate peoples minds to think for themselves and awayfrom the main track that the general public was expected tofollow. The government covered up the problems of theworld that still wore on, like war, and didnt let the peoplesee it or have it affect them. They heard about it and thatwas all. In general, peoples lives became better, but it wasof no consequence because they didnt know what it waslike to have things not go well and as planned. A candy caneis much sweeter after you think about eating oil. Another reason they burn books is because they dontagree and they arent real. The government figures that thereis no use in people thinking about things that dont exist,especially when each books ideas conflict. I think thatconflicting ideas helps us think for ourselves because we areforced to make decisions. Making a decision is a lot betterwhen you have more food for thought to work with. Also, itwould be boring not to have confli cting ideas. So many things that we value and we can be proud of interms of the accomplishments of the human race went up inflames in the book. Everything from Socrates, Newton, theBible, Thoreau, Hans Christian Anderson and Shakespearewas wiped out because they didnt go together fluently witheach other and the ideas of society at that time. Even if ideaschanged, those writings could never be recovered, the ashesnever reconstructed. I think the book was a good book for making you realizehow important books really are. I hope this book neverbecomes a reality, and that it continues to be read so thatother people can see how lucky we are to have them. Category: Book Reports

Real Time Business Intelligence in Supply Chain Analytics

Question: Discuss about the Real Time Business Intelligence in Supply Chain Analytics. Answer: Introduction: I would like to pursue a career in marketing management. The marketing department is an integral part of every organization irrespective of the industry in which it operates. A marketing professional uses various tools to analyze the internal and external environment that impacts the business. It is important for an organization to gain a competitive advantage for sustaining its market position in a given industry. Innovation and differentiation can help an organization in achieving its long-term goals. This can be done by re-inventing product development, manufacturing, marketing, distribution and customer support activities (Tarantilis, 2008). A marketing professional analyzes the value chain, competitor strategies, and industry trends. Marketers conduct a competitor analysis by examining their resources, product portfolio, competencies, research activities and positioning strategy. This gives a fair understanding of their relative strengths and weaknesses (Gligor, 2016). Marketing professionals are required to conduct market research through surveys, focus groups, interviews and field tests. A market analysis helps to understand the customer needs, growth rate, pricing trends, technological advancements, bargaining power of suppliers and emerging distribution channels. Managers use this research for taking decisions related to the marketing mix. Value chain includes suppliers, a manufacturing firm, distributors, and customers. As the product passes from one link of the chain to the other, it gains some value. A value chain involves business operations, marketing, and sales (Modrak and Marton, 2012). The marketing managers should have an in-depth understanding of the value chain in order to achieve a competitive advantage with the help of information technologies. The upstream and downstream flow of information helps the managers in making informed decisions. Analysing a value chain gives meaningful insights about the competitors. Marketing professions use en vironmental scanning for strategic decision making. Information is acquired about the political, social, economic, legal and technological trends that impact the business (Modrak and Marton, 2012). Marketing mix includes various tools that are used by an organization to influence the purchase decisions of consumers. The main areas of marketing decisions include product, place, price and promotion. The marketing strategies should be aligned with the organizational objectives. Marketing decisions are influenced by the PLC (Product Life Cycle) (OLeary, 2008). Every product goes through different stages from the time it is launched in the market to the time it fades away or disappears from the market. The four stages of PLC are an introductory stage, growth stage, maturity stage, and decline stage. Sales and profits vary throughout the PLC. The product offered by a company may be a tangible good or an intangible service. The products offered by a company are aimed to satisfy the customer needs and preferences (OLeary, 2008). A company keeps making changes in the product portfolio for increasing its customer base sustaining its position in the market. The marketing professions make decisions regarding the products offered by the company (Sahay and Ranjan, 2008). This includes their performance, quality, packaging, after-sales service, return procedure etc. Price is the amount of money charged by a company for a given product. There are several factors that are considered before setting a price. These factors include product category, the cost of raw materials, manufacturing cost, distribution cost, profit margin, target customers, market competition, demand level and advertising budget (zer and Raz, 2011). The most commonly used pricing strategies are premium pricing, economy pricing, market skimming, market penetration and neutral pricing. Promotions are used to communicate with the customers. Companies rely on promotional activities for enhancing their sales (Park and Koh, 2014). Marketing professionals promote the products/ services through advertisements, public relations, social media, special offers, press releases, emails, event sponsorships, loyalty pr ograms etc. Marketing managers generally prefer to use more than one promotional tool. It is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that different tools should convey a consistent message to the target customers. Products can be advertised through online (display ads and pop-up ads) or offline modes (television, newspapers, magazines, leaflets and billboards) (Park and Koh, 2014). Marketing professionals are required to make decisions regarding promotional mix, positioning statement, message design, medium selection and message frequency. The place is the point where the customers can have access to company products and services. A company may choose to provide its products/ services through offline or online modes. The point of sale can be a retail store or a shopping website. Marketing professionals are required to make decisions regarding the location of the retail outlet, warehousing, and transportation (Park and Koh, 2014). The main issue in the organization is that the marketing managers miss out some critical information while formulating strategies. Incomplete or delayed information leads to flawed marketing strategies. If the information is unorganized or the volume is high, there are chances that some crucial information may be overlooked (Priem and Swink, 2012). Since the internal and external factors are constantly changing, it is important to get information from reliable sources in a timely manner. Aim and Objectives of Project Technology is being used in different departments (production, marketing, HR etc.) of an organization for the purpose of innovation. Digitalization of supply chain can help in gaining an edge over the rivals in the automotive industry. Through digitalization of supply chain, the managers will be able to collect data and analyse it in a better manner. This will also help the managers in connecting with the customers through a digital medium (Ekinci and Baykasoglu, 2016). The information collected through digitalization of supply chain will help the marketing managers in making quick decisions. The main aim of this project is to replace the manual capturing and analysis of information by digital methods. Sharing of information will become more efficient. All the financial and non-financial data will be captured digitally. Analysis of data on a daily basis will help to understand the position of the company in the market. Multiple sets of data will give a better understanding of busines s operations (Djelloul, Estampe and Lamouri, 2012). Digitalization of supply chain will give more visibility about the various links involved in the value chain. This will make the managers capable of responding to business challenges like inventory shortage, scarcity of resources, and drop in orders (Ekinci and Baykasoglu, 2016). Better data analysis capabilities will lead to better business planning in the automotive industry. Literature Review for the Issue It is the responsibility of the marketing professionals to analyse the strategic issues and the companys competitive position in the industry. The managers have to identify the business opportunities and threats on the basis of this analysis. Marketing professional identifies the business areas that need improvement for gaining competitive advantage. The major marketing objectives are to increase the Return on Investment (ROI) for the company and create a positive brand image (Bouzayani, 2013). A company can become an industry leader by means of innovation. Innovation is not restricted to the products and services offered to the customers. A company can exhibit innovation through organizational culture, promotional strategies, distribution strategies, and supply chain management. Supply chain takes into consideration the flow of the information, material, and finances from the supplier to the end consumer or from the consumer to the supplier through various intermediaries (Djelloul, Estampe and Lamouri, 2012). Marketing professionals have to coordinate with the operational managers and production managers for making business decisions. For example, pricing depends upon the total cost incurred by the company and cost optimization depends upon supply chain management. Marketing managers require all the important information about supply chain. It is very important for the marketing professional to acquire the right information at the right time for making business strategies. Information about the value chain or supply chain can be helpful in product improvement or new product development (Klein, 2007). Acquiring reliable information in a timely manner is a major challenge for marketing professionals. Project Proposal Big Data will be used in the company. Big data will help to analyse large volumes of data. This will result in better analytical capabilities. The marketing managers will have access to crucial information on a real-time basis (Reimann and Ketchen, 2017). It will be possible to share information with the different players in the value chain on a real-time basis for planning purpose. This will help to integrate various organizational functions like production activities, data management, and planning. Internet of Things (IOT) will be used for establishing a connection between different sources of information. Internet of Things (IOT) will help the marketing professionals to make demand forecasts in an accurate manner (Priem and Swink, 2012). Internet of Things (IOT) will be useful for the managers in creating simulations and what-if scenarios. Portals will be designed for the effective flow of information with stakeholders on a real-time basis. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) docume nts will be used by the company (Carter, Kosmol and Kaufmann, 2016). Through EDI, the processing of documents will become more efficient and no human intervention will be required (Bouzayani, 2013). All important business documents will be exchanged in a specific electronic format. This will increase the overall efficiency of the manufacturing process. The efficiency of supply chain after digitalization can be measured through profit growth, inventory levels, order-to-delivery time and order cycle time (Bag, 2016). Customer satisfaction level can be measured with the help of order-fulfil rate, stock-out rate, and on-time delivery rate. The company will use ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software. This software will be helpful in capturing, storing and interpreting business information (Bouzayani, 2013). ERP will be ideal for an automotive manufacturing company as it will integrate various organizational functions like production, marketing, and accounting. A common database will be available for all these functions. Managers can access information on a real-time basis. This software will facilitate the flow of information between different departments (Bouzayani, 2013). The independent variable for this study is time. The dependent variable is the information required by marketing professionals like inventory levels, order-to-delivery time, stock-out rate and production rate. References Bag, S. (2016). Flexible procurement systems is key to supply chain sustainability.Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management, 10(1). Bouzayani, W. (2013). Real Time Supply Chain Management Co-Modeling of Total Supply Chain Solutions.Science Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), p.8. Carter, C., Kosmol, T. and Kaufmann, L. (2016). 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